Waves:
Periodic wave is the wave disturbance that repeats itself in time and space. If the periodic wave is sinusoidal, the shape of wave takes the form of a sine or cosine function, hence it can be called as harmonic waves. For instance an electromagnetic wave traveling in x-direction could be represented as
\(E(x,t)=E_{max}cos(kx-\omega t+\phi )\)
\(E\) is the electric field vector. The wave number is \(k = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda} \), where \( \lambda \) is the wavelength of the wave. The frequency \(\nu \) of the wave is \(\nu = \frac{\omega}{2\pi} \), \(\omega\) is the angular frequency. \( \phi \) is the phase offset.
Wavelength \( \lambda \): Wavelength is the amount of distance per cycle and has dimensions of length.
Frequency \(\nu \): Frequency is the number of cycles per amount of time and has units of one over time or hertz (Hz). The frequency of a wave is the inverse of the wave’s period \(t\).
Product of Frequency and wavelength is equal to the velocity of wave provided relative permittivity is unity.\(\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda\sqrt{\epsilon _{r}}}\)
| Where: |
| \(\lambda \) = Wavelength |
| \(\nu \) = Frequency |
| \(c \) = Velocity of light |
| \(\epsilon_{r}\) = Relative Permittivity |